History of Medicine

So we know that the Rx symbol used in prescriptions originated in the ancient world, but how and when exactly did the process of writing prescriptions start? The concept of a doctor writing a prescription followed by a pharmacist filling it is a modern concept. In ancient times, the doctor would provide the medicine to the patient, and before doctors, it was the priests who made up concoctions by mixing different ingredients. But slowly the act of compounding medicines became a specialty, and the doctor's job was restricted to prescribing it and sending the patient to a compounder or pharmacist to get it made. Although the exact origin of this practice is murky, the practice of preparation and dispensation of drugs certainly existed for thousands of years, dating all the way back to the oldest of civilizations: the Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations. The world’s first recorded prescription is thought to be a clay tablet in Mesopotamia dated ~2500 BCE which lists 15 prescriptions

Have you ever wondered why medicines are denoted with an ℞ or Rx symbol? There are actually many theories about its origin but the most common one is that the symbol for prescriptions originated from the "Eye of Horus", which was an ancient Egyptian symbol associated with healing powers. According to Egyptian mythology, Horus lost his eye in battle but his mom used her powers to restore his eye, hence it became a symbol of healing.  Eye of Horus In the 2 nd century, Greek physician Galen adapted this symbol to impress his patients. Galen’s influence on medicine was so strong that even the symbol was borrowed through the centuries and it eventually evolved into the modern symbol Rx (the eye of Horus kinda looks like an Rx). Other theories place its origin in Latin and Roman times. One theory is that Rx was used as an abbreviation of the Latin word recipere , meaning “to prepare,” which physicians wrote on medical prescriptions. Yet another theory points to the similarity of

Happy Meditrinalia! Those who are legally allowed to, raise a glass of your favorite wine in cheer- the goddess of health is smiling upon you today! Meditrinalia is an ancient Roman festival that was celebrated on October 11 in honor of the goddess of medicine, Meditrina. According to legend, the festival marked the end of the vine harvest, and people of Latium began to taste their new wine on this day. Although it was first celebrated in honor of Jupiter, it soon gave rise to a new goddess of  healing/medicine, Meditrina, on whom the festival is now named.  The Romans made an offering of wine to the gods on this occasion while reciting   " vetus novum vinum bibo, novo veteri morbo medeor."   which translates to  ''Wine new and old I drink, of illness new and old I'm cured."  The new wine was thought to hold healing powers. Given that we now know wine is rich in antioxidants, and it can help reduce cholesterol and heart disease, the ancient Romans sure were o

Following up on the history of essential oils seemed like a natural step, so here's a look at the origins of aromatherapy and essential oils. The birth of aromatherapy is generally attributed to Ancient Egypt, but the idea of using natural oils for medicinal purposes didn't just come from Egypt. Ancient Indians and Chinese also explored natural oils extensively, and it became an integral part of Indian Ayurvedic medicine.  The Egyptians used oils for many different purposes including religious ceremonies, cosmetics, medicine and even mummification. During mummification, embalmers used various botanicals like cinnamon, frankincense and myrrh, along with cedar and juniper oils to prepare the body for burial. They also left jars of essential oils in the tombs, presumably for the deceased to enjoy in the afterlife! Aromatic oils were extensively used for prayers, with each God having a different oil dedicated to them. The Egyptians cultivated plants specifically for their oils and

For my birthday recently, I got a gift certificate for a spa treatment, which I am really excited about. It is so relaxing and rejuvenating to both the body and the mind. I have also recently started using an oil diffuser in my room, and I absolutely love it!. It leaves my room smelling so fresh and natural, and feels so relaxing. It got me interested in aromatherapy and I found this cool book on using essential oils for different ailments called  Introducing Essential Oils: Ancient Medicine  by Dr. Josh Axe and others.  As you might guess from the title, the book not only describes the uses for different natural oils but also details how such oils have been used for healing through the ages, including during ancient Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, and Biblical times. They are still popular in many parts of the world and are slowly but surely gaining popularity here in the U.S.  Using aromatherapy for relaxation has been used for thousands of years, and its effectiveness is no myth- accordin

I previously wrote about WHO endorsing the study of herbal remedies for treatment of COVID in Africa. This was in response to a herbal drink being sold widely in Madagascar claiming to be highly effective against COVID-19. The herbal infusion is sold in bottles labeled as COVID Organics or CVO, but is colloquially referred to as "green gold". It is reportedly flying off the shelves as people scramble to get their hands on a cheap and popular drink that can help them combat the rapidly spreading disease. The herbal drink is made from a local plant called artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood. The plant grows widely in African countries and it is commonly used to treat malaria in Africa. However, it appears to have originated in China, where it is known as qinghao.  Artemisia plant Qinghao was first mentioned in  Recipes for Fifty-Two Ailments (Wushi'er Bingfang),  an ancient Chinese medical treatise, thought to be written during the Qin Dynasty around 215 BC or ear

Getting back to the topic of using traditional medicines against COVID, which I wrote about earlier, it seems now the World Health Organization (WHO) is also endorsing its use, or at least considering it. On September 19, the WHO formally endorsed a protocol for testing herbal medicines as potential treatments for the coronavirus and other epidemics. The endorsement was specifically aimed at testing African herbal medicines, but the same should apply to all herbal medicines used around the world. A statement by the WHO director read, "The onset of COVID-19, like the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, has highlighted the need for strengthened health systems and accelerated research and development programmes, including on traditional medicines." The move seems to be in response to some African countries using and selling herbal remedies for treating COVID. The most prominent one is a drink called COVID-Organics or CVO, which is being sold widely in Madagascar, with their President